ACID

WHAT IS ACID?
      [Times Of Education Gk]

ACID:
acid Achemical capable of donating a  HYDRON (proton, H+) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair. An acid increases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution, and it can react with certain metals, such as zinc, to form hydrogen gas. A strong acid is a relatively good conductor of electricity. Examples of strong acids are hydrochloric (muriatic), nitric, sulfuric, while examples of mild acids are sulfurous and acetic (vinegar). The strength of an acidic solution is usually measured in terms of its pH (a logarithmic function of the H+ ion concentration). Strong acid solutions have low pHs (typically around 0–3), while weak acid solutions have pHs in the range 3–6.
ACIDITY CONSTANT:
The equilibrium constant for splitting off a HYDRON from a  BRØNSTED ACID. ACID LABILE SULFIDE:
Refers to sulfide  LIGANDs, e.g., the  BRIDGING LIGANDs in  IRON–SULFUR PROTEINS, which are released as H2S at acid pH.
ACID PRECIPITATION:
Because pure precipitation (e.g., rain) is slightly acidic (due to the reaction between water droplets and carbon dioxide, creating carbonic acid) with a potential pH of 5.6, acid precipitation refers to precipitation with a pH less than 5.6. Acid precipitation includes rain, fog, snow, and dry  deposition. Anthropogenic (man-made) pollutants (carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen and sulfur oxides, and hydrocarbons) react with water vapor to produce acid precipitation. These pollutants come primarily from burning coal and other fossil fuels. Sulfur dioxide, which reacts readily with water vapor and droplets (i.e., has a short residence time in the atmosphere as a gas), has been linked to the weathering (eating away) of marble structures and the acidification of freshwater lakes (consequently killing fish). Natural interactions within the biosphere can also lead to acid precipitation.

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